Total marks: 60 · Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions to candidates
• Answer all questions. • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • Refer to the data provided where a question asks you to. • The total number of marks for this paper is 60. • All the data and tables you need are printed within the questions; any diagram referred to is one you are asked to describe or sketch yourself.
Paper
Section A — Structured Questions (44 marks)
1. Weather hazards
(a) State what is meant by a tropical storm (hurricane/cyclone/typhoon). [2]
(b) Explain the conditions needed for a tropical storm to form. [4]
(c) Explain two ways in which the effects of a tropical storm can be reduced (managed). [4]
2. Ecosystems: hot deserts
(a) Describe the climate of a hot desert. [2]
(b) Explain how plants in a hot desert are adapted to survive the conditions. Give two adaptations. [4]
(c) Explain one opportunity and one challenge for people living in or developing a hot desert environment. [4]
3. The development gap
The table shows data for two countries.
| Country A | Country B | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI per person ($) | 45,000 | 1,200 |
| Life expectancy (years) | 82 | 61 |
| People per doctor | 300 | 6,500 |
(a) State what is meant by the development gap. [2]
(b) Using the data, explain two ways in which Country A is more developed than Country B. [4]
(c) Explain two reasons why some countries remain less developed than others. [6]
4. Resource management: water
(a) State what is meant by water security. [2]
(b) Explain two reasons why the demand for water is increasing in many parts of the world. [4]
(c) Explain two strategies that could be used to increase the supply of water or use it more sustainably. [6]
Section B — Extended Response (16 marks)
5. "The effects of a natural hazard are always worse in poorer countries than in richer ones."
Discuss this statement, referring to how the wealth of a country affects its ability to prepare for and respond to hazards. Reach a supported conclusion. [16]