What you'll learn
What causes air pollution and acid rain, and how to reduce them.
Air pollution
- Pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), carbon monoxide, particulates.
- Sources: burning fossil fuels, vehicles, industry.
- Smog and health effects (respiratory problems).
Acid rain
- SO₂ and NOₓ dissolve in rainwater to form acids, lowering the pH of rain.
- Effects: damage to forests, acidification of lakes (harming fish), damage to buildings.
- Acid rain can fall far from the source (transboundary pollution).
Management
- Cleaner fuels, flue-gas desulfurisation, catalytic converters, and international cooperation.
Exam tips
- Name the specific gases responsible.
- Explain effects on ecosystems and the built environment.
Common mistakes
- Blaming CO₂ for acid rain (it is SO₂ and NOₓ).
- Forgetting acid rain crosses borders.