What you'll learn
Where fresh water comes from and how it is managed.
Water resources
- Most water is salt water; fresh water is limited (rivers, lakes, groundwater/aquifers, ice).
- The water cycle continually renews supplies.
- Uses: domestic, agriculture (the largest use) and industry.
Supply and scarcity
- Water scarcity where demand exceeds supply, worsened by population growth, pollution and climate change.
- Methods to increase supply: dams and reservoirs, wells, desalination, water transfers.
Sustainable management
- Reducing demand (efficient irrigation, recycling, reducing leaks) and protecting sources.
Exam tips
- Balance increasing supply with reducing demand.
- Use figures on how little water is fresh and accessible.
Common mistakes
- Ignoring agriculture as the biggest water user.
- Suggesting only supply-side solutions.