What you'll learn
How psychology explains punishment and reform.
Key ideas
- Aims of punishment: deterrence, retribution and rehabilitation.
- Operant conditioning: positive and negative reinforcement.
- Token economies reward good behaviour in prisons.
Exam tips
- Link token economies to operant conditioning.
- Evaluate whether punishment achieves long-term change.
Common mistakes
- Confusing negative reinforcement with punishment.
- Listing aims without explaining them.