What you'll learn
How ecosystems function and how they can be managed sustainably.
Biomes
- Large-scale ecosystems; global distribution linked to climate.
- Tropical rainforest: high biodiversity; nutrients stored mainly in biomass.
- Tundra: cold, low biodiversity, permafrost — fragile and slow to recover.
Threats
- Deforestation, climate change and resource exploitation reduce biodiversity.
Sustainable management
- Conservation, protected areas, ecotourism and sustainable resource use.
Exam tips
- Link rainforest features (climate, nutrient cycle, adaptations) together.
- Evaluate management strategies with a case study.
Common mistakes
- Assuming rainforest soils are rich (nutrients are in the biomass).
- Vague answers with no named ecosystem.