What you'll learn
How language relates to thought and communication.
Key ideas
- The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: language shapes thought.
- Verbal vs non-verbal communication (gestures, eye contact, personal space).
- Some expressions may be innate; von Frisch's bee waggle dance shows animal communication.
Exam tips
- Give examples of non-verbal signals.
- Compare human and animal communication.
Common mistakes
- Confusing verbal and non-verbal communication.
- Forgetting the nature–nurture angle on expressions.