What you'll learn
How Muslims put their faith into practice, especially through the Five Pillars.
The Five Pillars
- Shahadah: the declaration of faith — 'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.'
- Salah: five daily prayers, facing Makkah.
- Zakah: giving a set portion (usually 2.5%) of wealth to the poor.
- Sawm: fasting during Ramadan from dawn to sunset.
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Makkah, made at least once if able.
Festivals and other practices
- Id-ul-Fitr (end of Ramadan) and Id-ul-Adha (end of Hajj, recalling Ibrahim's sacrifice).
- Jihad: 'struggle' — the greater jihad (personal, spiritual) and the lesser jihad (military, with strict conditions).
- Shia practices such as commemorating Ashura.
Exam tips
- Learn all five Pillars in order with a short description of each.
- Explain the meaning behind each practice, not just the action.
Common mistakes
- Reducing 'jihad' to violence — emphasise the greater jihad.
- Confusing the two Ids.