A book rests on a table. Which pair of forces correctly represents a Newton's Third Law action-reaction pair?

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Question

A book rests on a table. Which pair of forces correctly represents a Newton's Third Law action-reaction pair?

Accepted Answer

The Earth pulling the book down and the book pulling the Earth up — A true Newton's Third Law pair must involve the same type of force, act between the same two objects, be equal in magnitude, and act in opposite directions. The Earth exerts gravitational force on the book (downward), and by the Third Law the book exerts an equal gravitational force on the Earth (upward) — same two objects, same force type. Option A describes forces on the same object (the book), which is a force-balance scenario, not an action-reaction pair. Options C and D similarly involve forces on the same object or unrelated forces.

Answer

The weight of the book pulling it down and the table's normal force pushing it up

Answer

The table pushing the book up and gravity pulling the book down

Answer

The weight of the table pushing down and the book's weight pushing down

Answer

The Earth pulling the book down and the book pulling the Earth up

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