Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices — CSEC Religious Education

Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with rich beliefs about the soul, action and liberation.

Core beliefs

• Brahman — the supreme, universal spirit or reality.
• Atma (atman) — the eternal soul within every living being.
• Karma — the principle that one's actions have consequences in this or a future life.
• Samsara — the cycle of birth, death and rebirth (reincarnation).
• Moksha — liberation from the cycle of samsara, the ultimate goal.
• Dharma — one's religious and moral duty.

Many deities (such as Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma) are seen as different forms of the one Brahman.

Worship and practices

• Puja — worship, often at a home shrine or temple, with offerings of light, flowers and food.
• Hindus worship in a mandir (temple).
• Sacred writings include the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita.
• Practices may include meditation, yoga and pilgrimage.

Festivals

• Diwali — the festival of lights, celebrating the victory of light/good over darkness/evil.
• Holi — the colourful spring festival.

Exam tips

• Learn the key terms: Brahman, atma, karma, samsara, moksha, dharma.
• The goal is moksha (liberation from rebirth).
• Sacred text = Vedas; place of worship = mandir; worship = puja.
• Diwali = festival of lights.