Islam: Beliefs and Practices — CSEC Religious Education
Islam is a monotheistic religion founded on submission to the one God, Allah, and the teachings revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
Core beliefs
- Belief in one God, Allah.
- Muhammad is the final prophet (the seal of the prophets).
- The Qur'an is the holy book, believed to be the word of God revealed to Muhammad.
- Belief in angels, the prophets, the Day of Judgement and life after death.
The Five Pillars of Islam
- Shahadah — the declaration of faith ("there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger").
- Salah — prayer five times a day, facing Makkah.
- Zakah — giving a portion of one's wealth to those in need (almsgiving).
- Sawm — fasting from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan.
- Hajj — pilgrimage to Makkah, required once if able.
Worship and practices
Muslims worship in a mosque (masjid). Worship includes prayer, recitation of the Qur'an and observing the Pillars.
Festivals
- Eid ul-Fitr — marks the end of Ramadan.
- Eid ul-Adha — the festival of sacrifice, linked to the Hajj.
Exam tips
- Learn the Five Pillars in order: Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm, Hajj.
- One God = Allah; final prophet = Muhammad; holy book = Qur'an.
- Place of worship = mosque.
- Sawm = fasting in Ramadan; Hajj = pilgrimage to Makkah.