What you'll learn
The particle model of matter and changes of state.
States and changes
- Solid, liquid and gas arrangements and properties.
- Changes of state: melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, sublimation.
- Energy and latent heat during changes of state.
The model
- Limitations of the simple particle model (particles shown as spheres with no forces).
Exam tips
- Describe particle arrangement AND movement for each state.
- Remember temperature stays constant during a change of state.
Common mistakes
- Saying particles are 'created' when a gas forms.
- Confusing evaporation with boiling.