What you'll learn
What substances are made of and how to separate them.
Atoms and substances
- Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, electrons; atomic number and isotopes.
- Elements, compounds and mixtures.
- Bonding: ionic (transfer) and covalent (sharing).
Separation
- Filtration, crystallisation, distillation and chromatography.
Exam tips
- Match the separation method to the mixture.
- Learn the charges and masses of subatomic particles.
Common mistakes
- Confusing compounds with mixtures.
- Mixing up filtration and distillation.