What you'll learn
How rapidly growing cities are managed.
Challenges
- Informal (squatter) settlements, congestion and pressure on services.
Solutions
- Site-and-service / upgrading schemes rather than demolition.
- Investment in clean water, sanitation and public transport.
- The rural-urban fringe and sustainable planning.
Exam tips
- Use a named city case study (challenges + solutions).
- Explain how upgrading improves quality of life.
Common mistakes
- Only listing problems.
- Ignoring the role of services and transport.