What you'll learn
How thinking develops through cognitive and social routes.
Key ideas
- Piaget: schemas, conservation and egocentrism.
- Vygotsky: social interaction, the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.
- Social learning through observation and imitation.
Exam tips
- Contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's emphases.
- Explain scaffolding within the ZPD.
Common mistakes
- Confusing conservation with egocentrism.
- Muddling the ZPD and scaffolding.