What you'll learn
How ecosystems work and why biodiversity matters.
Ecosystem structure
- Producers, consumers and decomposers; energy is lost up food chains.
- Living and non-living parts interact within an ecosystem.
Biodiversity
- The variety of species; high in rainforests, low in tundra.
- Threats: deforestation, climate change and pollution reduce biodiversity.
Conservation
- Protecting ecosystems through reserves and sustainable use.
Exam tips
- Explain nutrient and energy flows clearly.
- Use examples of threats and conservation.
Common mistakes
- Confusing producers and consumers.
- Assuming energy increases up a food chain.